Alloy steel



v No Drawing.

Patented Sept. 3, 1929 UNITED STATES.

JAMES P. GILL, 0F LATROBE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO VANAJJIUM ALLOYSTEEL PATENT crude.

COMPANY, or L 'rnoBn' PENNSYLVANIA, A GORPQRATION on PENNSYLVANIA.

ALLOY STEEL. Y i

bon high-chromium type including as ingredients cobalt and vanadium.

Both of these ingredients have been hitherto employed as ingredients ofalloy steel but not in the manner hereinafter described orin combinationwith each other.

Thus cobalt has been used as an ingredient in tungsten and molybdenumhigh-speed steels to increase the cutting efiiciency of the latter, andcobalt has also been added to high-carbon high-chromium steels in aproportion of more than 1%, usually about 3.50% toproduce red-hardproper.t1es.

My present object, however, is not the production of red-hard tain theimproved quallties above mentioned. Moreover vanadium has been employedas an ingredient in many types of high-speed and tool steels withresults which are well understood but are not the same as those which Ihave in view in connection with the present invention. I

High-carbon high-chromium steels are recognized as superior materialsfor dies owingto their wearinghualities compared to other die-steels,but their use has hitherto been restricted owing to relative poormachinability.

I have discovered that the addition of cobalt and vanadium to suchsteels greatly in1-.

proves their ma'chinability due to the better distribution of thesegregatewhich results.

n segregate, which I eflect, causes the steel to harden 1n a moreuniform manner than could occur if the cobalt and vanadium were notpresent as ingredients.

Again I have discovered that by adding cobalt and vanadium asingredientshigh carbon high-chromium steels will attain a 7 theseobjects I have invented an alloy steel ofthe high-can roperties, but toob- Application filed march 22, 1928. Serial No. 263,974.- I

more intensive hardness than is possible in" the absence ofsuch'ingredients. i g Moreover high-carbon high-chromium steels are bynature relatively non-deforming and non-warping during hardening, but,

owing tothe presence of the'chromium carbide segregates such steelswill'deform and 00 warp to a limited degree during the hardeningprocesses.

This tendency I am able to reduce to a minimum by the inclusion in thesteels of cobalt and vanadium as ingredients. Their inclusion acts tobreak up the segregates and to distribute them more uniformly throughoutthe steel, thus causing an easier and-more complete solution of thechromium carbide when the steelis'heated to-above its critical range. A

My improved alloy steel which possesses the improved qualities abovereferred to contains in Weight substantially from .50% to 1% of cobalt;from 50% to 1.25% of vanadium;from'1.5% to 2.50% of carbon; from 8 to18% of chromium, with the remainder of lIOIl together with whateversilicon, man- ;ganese, phosphorous and sulphur which is normally presentin steels of this type.

These limits are approximate only and'a reasonable range of variationmay be observed without materially impairing "the beneficial resultsinview; I

I have obtained particularly ood results 5 from an allo, steel conprising rom 2% to 2.20% ofcar on; from 11% to 13% of chromium; from150% to 1% of cobalt; from .7 5% to 1.25% of vanadium; 30% of silicon;.30% of manganese; .02% of sulphur; .02% of phosphorus, and theremainder of iron. I f

Animprovement of these. cobalt-vanadium high-carbon high-chromium steels.is obtained by the addition of small quantities, up

requisite is high resistance to abrasion.

a What Idesire to claim is I 1; An alloy steel for dies and the hke com-2 I C v 1,727,282

prisingsubstantially from .50% to .99% of dium; .30% of silicon; 30% ofmanganese; cobalt; from .50% to 1.25% of. vanadium; 102% of sulphur; 02%of phosphorus, and 5 from 1.50% to 2.50% of carbon; from 8% to theremainder of iron. 18% of chromium, and the remainder of iron. 4. Analloy steel for dies and the like com- 6 2. An alloy steel for dies andthe like comprising substantially 2.20% of'carbon; 12%

prising substantially from .50% to .99% of of chromium; 80% of cobalt;.80% of Vanacobalt; from 50% to 1.25% of vanadium; dium; 30% of silicon;30% of manganese; 2 from 8% to 18% of chromium; from 1.50% 02% ofsulphur; .02% of phosphorus, not to 2.50% of carbon; not more than 1% ofmore than 1% of semi-rare metal, and the 10 semi-rare metal, and theremainder of iron. remainder of iron.

3. An alloy steel for dies and the like corn- Signed at Latrobe, Pa,this 20th day of prising substantially 2.20% of carbon; 12% March, 1928.of chromium; .80% of cobalt; .80% of vana- JAMES P. GILL.

x 1 CERTIFICATE or. CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,727,282. i 1 Cranted September 3, 1929, to

I JAMES P. GILL.

It is hereby certified that the name of the assignee in the abovenumbered patent was erroneously written and printed as "Vanadium AlloySteel Com any",

whereas said name should have been written and printed as "VanadiumAlloys Steel Company", as shown by the records .of assignments in thisoffice; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with thiscorrection thereimthat the same may conform to the record of the case inthe Patent Office. 4

Signed and sealedfthis 1st day of October, A. D. 1929.

. M. J. Moore,

(Seal) i Acting Commissioner of Patents.

2 I C v 1,727,282

prisingsubstantially from .50% to .99% of dium; .30% of silicon; 30% ofmanganese; cobalt; from .50% to 1.25% of. vanadium; 102% of sulphur; 02%of phosphorus, and 5 from 1.50% to 2.50% of carbon; from 8% to theremainder of iron. 18% of chromium, and the remainder of iron. 4. Analloy steel for dies and the like com- 6 2. An alloy steel for dies andthe like comprising substantially 2.20% of'carbon; 12%

prising substantially from .50% to .99% of of chromium; 80% of cobalt;.80% of Vanacobalt; from 50% to 1.25% of vanadium; dium; 30% of silicon;30% of manganese; 2 from 8% to 18% of chromium; from 1.50% 02% ofsulphur; .02% of phosphorus, not to 2.50% of carbon; not more than 1% ofmore than 1% of semi-rare metal, and the 10 semi-rare metal, and theremainder of iron. remainder of iron.

3. An alloy steel for dies and the like corn- Signed at Latrobe, Pa,this 20th day of prising substantially 2.20% of carbon; 12% March, 1928.of chromium; .80% of cobalt; .80% of vana- JAMES P. GILL.

x 1 CERTIFICATE or. CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,727,282. i 1 Cranted September 3, 1929, to

I JAMES P. GILL.

It is hereby certified that the name of the assignee in the abovenumbered patent was erroneously written and printed as "Vanadium AlloySteel Com any",

whereas said name should have been written and printed as "VanadiumAlloys Steel Company", as shown by the records .of assignments in thisoffice; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with thiscorrection thereimthat the same may conform to the record of the case inthe Patent Office. 4

Signed and sealedfthis 1st day of October, A. D. 1929.

. M. J. Moore,

(Seal) i Acting Commissioner of Patents.

